Exchange 2007 Certificate Builder

Many times creating a self signed certificate with Exchange 2007's Exchange Management Shell is a pain. I do it all the time but I am pretty lazy and don't want to have to sit there and scratch my head everytime I create a certificate. This pretty much does all the work for you with a GUI to create self-signed certificates. Try it out and hope you enjoy it.

http://www.virtualplug.com/images/CertMaker.exe

Thanks,
Jared

Runtime Errors

Runtime errors are generated when computers running certain program applications encounter issues. An example of this is the runtime error code 7. This type of runtime error has to do with "out of memory" problems. Conflicts with the Terminate and Stay Resident (TSR) programs or other open apps, memory issues, computer viruses and software trouble are the main causes of runtime errors.

Dealing With Runtime Errors

Most runtime errors can be fixed. Troubleshooting runtime errors starts with entering the specific runtime error code that appeared on major search engines. Gathering as much info on the particular code will help in finding the appropriate solution for it.

Once more information is available regarding the runtime errors encountered, it's time to do something. Consider performing the following activities:

* End-task all of the TSRs and other programs that are currently running to ensure that none of these are the culprit. To do this access Task Manager and hit Ctrl-Alt-Delete.

* For issues that have to do with the operating systems (OS), consider OS reinstallation, but this is a pretty serious undertaking. In Windows 2000 or XP, a better option would be to try repairs for either Windows 2000 or XP computers. Scanning and repairing files can be done this way: Go to Start then Run. In the field provided, type: sfc/scannow and hit Enter. Make sure there's a space between "sfc" and "/."

* If the problem again and again happens with a particular application, visit that website of that program's developer and download any patches and updates. If there's none available, consider uninstalling then reinstalling the program concerned.

* Some runtime errors are cause by other plug-ins, add-ons or extra program software that were installed on the PC and are associated with the application generating the runtime error. If the additional program software installed is related to the application generating the run-time error message, make sure there are no available updates for the said programs, or try uninstalling to verify that they're not causing the issue.

* Update the definition files of the utilized anti-spyware and antivirus programs. Run regular exhaustive bug detection scans as these malware have the ability to cause a number of runtime errors.

* If the runtime errors still persist, the problem might lie with the system memory or it could be a hardware issue. In this situation, it would be best to get in touch with the program's technical support center for assistance. Contacting the motherboard or PC manufacturer could also be useful.

Issues with memory can often be settled with a simple reboot. But treat reboots as temporary fixes. Reboots clear up the memory, however, if the computer has insufficient memory or hard drive space for the applications being run, users will soon run short on memory again. Check that the hard drive has a minimum of 100 to 500MB free space so the swap file size can still expand.

To find out how much free space a PC has: go to My Computer. Right-click the hard drive (usually drive C:) and then from the menu select Properties and view the capacity of the disk. If the space is cramped, run disk cleanup by hitting the tab labeled Disk Cleanup and following the instructions.

Failing memory chips could also give rise to runtime errors. Taking out the troublesome memory chip and replacing it with a functioning one will get rid of the problem. For other runtime-related issues and errors like installation run-time error messages, consider cleaning out the registry's flawed or invalid portions using a registry cleaner.

6 Reasons IT Projects Fail

Many outsourcing companies have created beneficial outsourcing relationships with vendors. Unfortunately, there are the occasional projects that fail to meet deadlines or criteria set forth by the outsources. When a project does fail, there are usually numerous reasons and not just one underlying cause.

Lack of outsourcing strategy
The outsourcing company must take the time to formulate a strategy for handling outsourced projects. Working with vendors in other countries can create even more complications, which just shows the importance of having a plan. Managers must consider how the process will be managed and must set expectations for the projects. Sometimes outsourcing companies do not adequately prepare for the administration of projects. Management should clarify how global sourcing will be implemented and effectively communicate the strategy to the internal IT department and the vendor.

Miscalculated time involved
Outsourcing companies often do not realize the amount of time it will take to get a project in operation with a vendor. Some outsourcers take a "hands off" approach, meaning they do not feel that they have to be involved once the project is sent to the vendor. That thought process can be damaging to the project. It takes time and effort to transfer technical and business knowledge to the vendor. Once the transfer is made, hours will be spent maintaining the business relationship. The outsourcing company and the vendor will also have to coordinate between the team members to ensure that everyone understands project specifications and deadlines.

Cost-reduction expectation was not realistic
One of the most common reasons that companies look to outsourcing is to reduce costs. Although outsourcing does provide cost reduction, outsourcing companies frequently have unrealistic expectations regarding the initial savings. Even though labor costs may be lower, there are other hidden costs that can cause a project to go over budget. The longer the outsourcing relationship continues, the higher the savings. However, most outsourcers do not realize this fact. Consequently, a project can be unsuccessful if an accurate budget was not put in place.

Communication barriers
Communication is more than just language. Global sourcing can be complex as outsourcers and vendors face issues of time zones and locations. These challenges can make it very difficult to communicate crucial information in a timely manner. Communication barriers are frequently to blame when it comes to a project's failure. If team members can not effectively communicate the project status, concerns or ask questions, it can negatively impact an IT project. A communication plan can overcome this obstacle.

The vendor was incompetent
Various criteria should be considered when choosing a vendor. If price is the main motivating factor, there is a risk of choosing the wrong one. A low-cost vendor most likely will not provide the same quality of work as another vendor who may charge more. That is why cost should not be the only consideration when choosing a service provider. A vendor should be evaluated on multiple areas, such as trained personnel, technology and processes. A thorough analysis of the vendor will allow the outsourcer to have a good sense of what to expect.

Differences in culture
Cultural differences can impact a project. If the outsourcer is unfamiliar with the culture of the vendor, potential problems and miscommunication can occur. Cultural differences include religion, mode of dress, social activities and work ethic. Even the way a question is answered can differ depending on the culture. Cultural obstacles can be overcome by taking measures to clearly outline project specifications and encourage feedback from the vendor.

A project can fail for a combination of reasons. However, by understanding why projects fail, outsourcers can plan ahead to avoid potential problems.

Asterisk and the Benefits

Asterisk phone systems are an excellent, fully integrated VOIP PBX solution for businesses of all sizes. The set up eliminates the tremendous cost of setting up a traditional PBX system. This high cost often eliminates the possibility of using PBX for small businesses, but with Asterisk, even the smallest business can have all of the benefits of PBX in their office without spending money they do not have.

What Is Asterisk?

Asterisk is an open source software PBX that can be used by businesses and individuals alike. It is designed to run on Linux, but it can run on other platforms as well, including Windows. Asterisk was developed by Digium, Inc., who also sells the hardware necessary to set up Asterisk phone systems. Compared to other PBX options, Asterisk is incredibly affordable and has many features that are hard to find elsewhere.

Benefits of Asterisk in the Office

Besides the fact that it costs thousands of dollars less than a traditional PBX system, Asterisk provides its users with numerous other benefits. Since Asterisk phone systems are VOIP PBX systems, they use broadband connections to connect the telephone network to the traditional global telephony network. Calls can still be made and received in the same manner that they are with a traditional PBX system. Additionally, because the connection is made through the Internet and not the phone line, employees that work remotely can be connected directly to the office PBX through their Internet connections. When someone calls your office and chooses extension 10, that extension could actually be your home-based worker, and the customer would be none the wiser.

For large businesses that have locations in several geographical areas, using asterisk will allow the various offices to connect over the network. This can eliminate much of the expense of conference calls a company spread over several states usually faces. Additionally, employees who must travel frequently can stay connected to the office PBX system as long as they have an Internet connection.

Asterisk phone systems allow every extension to have its own voicemail box. These voicemail boxes are connected to the employee's email accounts, so no one will ever miss a message again.

If you should ever have a problem with your Asterisk system, you can easily get help directly from Digium. They have friendly Asterisk consulting professionals that will help you get the system up and running as quickly as possible. You can call to ask questions about bugs that you find, and they are happy to help, as this type of feedback helps them improve the software for future users.

Asterisk supports a variety of VOIP protocols. Among the protocols it accepts are MGCP, H.323, and SIP. The program can connect IP phones to the traditional phone line easily. This flexibility makes the system easy to integrate into established businesses.

If needed, Asterisk phone systems can interface with traditional telephone lines. The product comes with several high-end features, such as voice recognition system integration, call data record, and text-to-speech system integration. All of these features make it one of the best PBX products available.

Benefits of Asterisk for Customers

Your employees are not the only ones who benefit from Asterisk phone systems. Your customers will benefit as well, both directly and indirectly, when you implement this system. It has features that are found in the most expensive products on the market, such as on-hold music that supports both MP3 and streaming media. Customers will have shorter wait times because the call queues allow agents to monitor the queue while they take the incoming calls, so they can shorten the calls if needed.

Asterisk phone systems offer the best of both worlds to their users. They provide a plethora of features to the business at a fraction of the cost of their traditional competition. There are other VOIP PBX options out there, but Asterisk is the oldest and most well established, making it the preferred choice among many business owners.

Linux Refuses to Boot Up

This deals with what action is to be taken (during a reboot) after a power failure or an incomplete shutdown of a Linux system due to any reason. This problem seems to be very common since many newcomers install Linux and get all the various softwares/hardwares working under Linux and suddenly one day the power fails. There are a few things that you can try to get Linux back on track..

1. While rebooting, Linux may print a message saying that there is a problem with the file system and it might force a check. It would do this for all Linux partitions. If the checks (they generally take around 30-60 seconds. also displays a rotating indicator) are successful then you are lucky. Linux should mostly continue booting and you should be back in business soon. If this is what happens then you may be under an impression that a direct switch off of a Linux machine leads to no problems. Please note that you were just lucky that you got away without any major problems.

2. While rebooting, Linux may not be successful in any of the file system checks. In this case, the booting stops abruptly with a message stating that you should run fsck manually without a few parameters. Once you reach the hash prompt (#) then run the fsck command as mentioned (fsck -a -p /dev/hdaX). The fsck command requires the partition which it has to check. So if you have installed Linux on /dev/hda1 then you have to run fsck as follows: fsck -a -p /dev/hda1.

When you run fsck it would mostly find some inode problems and ask you whether you want to fix them, Select the default option (yes). It would do so for all the problems found. Once this is over you can restart the machine using either "Ctlr+Alt+Del" or "shutdown -r 0", whichever works. Now this time your Linux machine should boot properly.

3. It has so happened that once when the power failed, Linux simple failed to boot on my machine. It gave no errors at all, but the init process would just not get initiated. It would find my partitions, mount the ext2 file system as read only and then would simply display a prompt. Even with this prompt I wasn't able to do a lot. Also I noticed that a few of the default directories were missing on the native partition. The only solution that I found to this was to Reinstall Linux.

Note: While reinstalling, the best and safest way for the above problem would be to insert the installation media (Redhat Linux 6.1 CD). And instead of selecting to install the OS once again, select to upgrade the existing installation. This would effectively replace all the damages areas of the OS and would also retain all your personal data and configurations in Linux (This should work in almost all cases).
Hence I would always advice an upgrade to the same version (If you originally had Redhat Linux 6.1, insert the CD and once again select to upgrade to Redhat Linux 6.1 itself). If the upgrade option doesn't fix the problem, then you would have to do a reinstall after a reformat of the Linux partitions.

4. In one case when Linux refused to boot I noticed that a few of the main files / directories were missing. I found that the /sbin directory (which is a very important directory) wasn't there in the root directory. I performed a search for this directory and found it to be within another directory. After some discussion I realized that my friend has accidentally moved this directory within his GUI when he was working in superuser mode. As long as he was working a few commands didn't work but he did not bother about finding out why they didn't work. Once he rebooted his machine the absence of this directory hung the booting process. So I suggest that you never work in superuser mode unless absolutely necessary. Even within the superuser mode prefer the shell, since you can hardly ever do anything accidentally in the shell. In my friend's case I simply moved that directory back within the root directory and Linux booted without any problems.

Do I Really Need Managed Hosting?

Managed hosting offers many benefits to a business wishing to expand their operations or make themselves accessible to their customers online. By having an online presence, a business can increase their exposure to a local, national, or worldwide audience.

Nevertheless, a business that has a website is a business that can accomplish a lot more because they are allowing customers to learn more about them and gain wider access to what it is they have to offer.

There are several definitions that describe what managed hosting is. The service that is provided really depends on the needs of the business and how they handle their managed hosting. These definitions are:
A single website hosted on a web server that is supported by a managed hosting provider.

A service in which the dedicated server is managed for the business by a managed service provider.

Managed hosting manages and maintains the dedicated server.

Managed hosting is performed by a web host in addition to providing many services for the dedicated servers that they provide.

The business doesn't have their own dedicated server, but they are using the servers that belong to the host, which means the host is maintaining shared-servers. However, the business still maintains the privacy of its website although the servers are shared and receives all of the benefits they would have and possibly more than if they had their own dedicated server.

It is easy to see that there are many different forms of managed hosting. Depending on the needs of the business the MSP provides services to, different services can be provided. Not every business has the money to hire IT professionals and train them or train existing employees to take care of their web hosting. That is why it is feasible to outsource the jobs to managed hosting. It is actually cheaper to outsource because there is a fixed monthly rate in which the company pays that usually does not add up to the monthly salary of a single employee.

What this does is maximize profit and allows the business to focus on their customers satisfaction rather than having to spend time managing the website. If a business only had time to manage their website, they would not have time to serve their customers. In the end, there would be little impact on person-to-person sales. The idea is for the website to enhance both person-to-person sales and Internet sales, if applicable.

Other benefits

There are many more benefits of managed hosting such as security and up-time. It is very important that the website stay secure so that people with malicious intentions are unable to disrupt business on your website. Malicious activity can result in many hours of trying to bring the website back up and this also results in down-time. There is nothing more aggravating than going to a website with poor up-time either because of security breaches or issues with the server.

Managed hosting performs continuous security scans and also continually checks for issues that may interfere with the sites up-time. That is why many websites that are managed by managed hosting have 100% up-time.

So if you are not sure whether or not you need managed hosting, ask yourself these 5 questions:

1. How would my business benefit from a website?
2. Does my business have the money to operate and maintain a website?
3. Do I have the manpower to continually monitor a website?
4. Do I have the money to hire and train additional employees?
5. How much would managed hosting cost me compared to doing it on our own?

Deployment of a Converged Network

A major shift in telecommunications from circuit to packet switched technology, along with increasing sophistication of the corporate LAN/WAN, is prompting businesses of all sizes to consider merging their voice and data networks. Increased bandwidth availability through gigabit Ethernet and fiber trunk lines allow for telephony to be treated as any other application on the IP network, albeit a very needy one.

Whereas the main motivation for individual consumers to make the switch to VoIP may be cost, as evidenced by the acceptance of such upstarts as Vonage, for businesses, the transition to IP telephony (IPT) could mean a costly network upgrade, fueled by aging or depreciated legacy PBX equipment.

The upside is the imediate potential of adding strategic business capabilities - a triple play of voice, video, and data - and future proofing the network for a host of real and non realtime applications under the concept called Unified Communications. Data and communications, all managed and maintained over one network instead of two.

The Life Cycle of an IPT Network

Just like any major network undertaking, best practices dictate that deployment take place in stages, the success of each successive phase depending on the previous. The first stage is planning and assessment, followed by an intense pre deployment testing and implementation stage, and once the migration has taken place, the ongoing operations and optimizations stage. Taken together, these phases of deployment are what is known as the converged IPT network life cycle.

Planning and Assessment: Business Drivers

The business case for convergence must be clear from the beginning. Why trash a perfectly functioning telephone network with a reliable reputation for a new, burgeoning technology, as of yet only minimally tested? If indeed your existing phone system is out of date, replacement parts are getting hard to find, or its functionality no longer suits the needs of a growing organization, one motivation for converging could be the unwillingness to invest in a new Centrex-centric PBX, based on circuit switched technology.

Managing Expectations

A successful deployment from start to finish should take about a year, with a good 6 months devoted to planning and testing. For organizations that have recently upgraded their network infrastructure, deploying a converged network may not be as costly as networks that are older, and require major renovation.

Realistically, it has been observed that migrating from a legacy PBX to an IP PBX will cost as least as much as buying a new TDM PBX. Where you may get your ROI is on moves, adds, and changes (MAC) in the new IP environment. Studies show that MAC on a TDM system averages about $65, vs. $10 on an IP PBX.

Equally important is managing the expectations of your end users. Let them know early on about deployment plans and keep them apprised of your progress. End users should be surveyed on what aspects of the current system they consider critical to their job functions, and what improvements they would like to see in the new system. Call and voice quality are understandably critical factors to users and like the carrier network you are about to replace, Service Level Agreements (SLA) play an important role to insure acceptable customer service.

Planning for Security

Security considerations are of utmost importance in the planning phase. Treat your PBXs as any other critical application server by keeping it protected from public access, perhaps even in it's own DMZ. Remember that an IP PBX has all the vulnerabilities of IP, and it opens up a whole new Pandora's Box with a connection to the PSTN. Firewalls and intrusion detection should be utilized appropriately and should be current enough to recognize voice traffic.

Also consider segregating your voice traffic through the use of virtual LANs. A VLAN can help increase network performance while having the added benefit of enhanced security.

Hosted vs. In-house

Early consideration should be given to the options available for the type of voice network to deploy, as well as who will be responsible for the deployment. For businesses simply wanting to implement a VoIP solution, a hosted IP PBX can leap frog you into the future, while saving on equipment costs and reducing the headaches associated with a long drawn out deployment process.

For organizations looking to future proof their network, vendor equipment must be chosen and assessed, as well as the management applications being considered for the deployment. Costs associated with upgrading the skill sets of the IT and/or Telephony staff must also be taken into consideration.

Calling in the Pros

Organizations that plan to migrate to IP telephony themselves but find they lack the necessary expertise, might consider bringing in a Systems Integrator to help with the deployment. A Systems Integrator should be chosen and brought in early in the project. They should work closely with the IT department and can also take on the role of trainer in getting them up to speed on the new technology. The cost of bringing in an outsider can be upwards of 20% of the entire project, but may be worth it to assure a seamless transition.

The Managed Service Provider

A growing trend in the industry is for businesses to offload all or part of VoIP deployment responsibilities to a Managed Service Provider. Carriers, equipment vendors, and professional services that now have a couple of years of experience in the field are finding that companies are willing to pay for their expertise. For businesses that find that their IT staff is not up to the task, or could be utilized better elsewhere, an MSP provides the option of outsourcing projects anywhere from doing the network assessment and capacity planning, to taking on the whole ongoing management phase, much like business was doing with their legacy telephony service providers.

Management Solutions

For the enterprise that is planning to leave it up to the IT and Communications departments, now is the time to consider third party management and analysis applications. Third party solutions are just now coming into the market that take a more holistic approach to management, looking at the effects of both real time and not so real time applications on the network as a whole. Solutions being considered should be assessed for their usefulness in the testing stage of deployment. More on these management applications in the ongoing operations and optimization part of this paper.